This Cochrane Group is no longer active

Due to changes in NIHR funding in evidence synthesis, this Cochrane Group is no longer active. We are so grateful for the work of our contributors.

If you would like to get involved with Cochrane, please visit our Join Cochrane pages.

To learn more about Cochrane, visit our homepage.

If you would like to propose a topic for a Cochrane Review, please see our instructions for authors.

If you have any queries, please contact Cochrane Support.

Cochrane Vascular reviews in guidelines: Venous thromboembolism

United Kingdom guidelines 

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: DVT prevention for travellers [August 2018]. http://cks.nice.org.uk/dvt-prevention-for-travellers

British Thoracic Society guideline for the initial outpatient management of pulmonary embolism [July 2018]. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/standards-of-care/guidelines/bts-guidelines-for-the-outpatient-management-of-pulmonary-embolism/

NICE Guideline NG89: Venous thromboembolism in over 16s: reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism [March 2018]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng89/evidence

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Deep vein thrombosis [January 2018]. https://cks.nice.org.uk/deep-vein-thrombosis

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Anticoagulation - oral [November 2017]. http://cks.nice.org.uk/anticoagulation-oral

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Thrombophlebitis - superficial [May 2017]. http://cks.nice.org.uk/thrombophlebitis-superficial

Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland: Prevention of peri-operative venous thromboembolism in paediatric patients [2017]. https://www.apagbi.org.uk/sites/default/files/inline-files/APA%20Thromboprophylaxis%20guidelines%20final.pdf

NICE Clinical Guideline CG144: Venous thromboembolic diseases: the management of venous thromboembolic diseases and the role of thrombophilia testing [November 2015]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg144/

British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH): Guideline on aspects of cancer-related venous thrombosis. British Journal of Haematology 2015;170(5):640-8

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Thrombophlebitis – superficial [July 2015]. https://cks.nice.org.uk/thrombophlebitis-superficial

Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists: Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium. (Green-top Guideline No. 37a) [April 2015]. https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg-37a.pdf

Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists: Thromboembolic disease in pregnancy and the puerperium: acute management. (Green-top Guideline No. 37b) [April 2015]. https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg-37b.pdf

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Pulmonary embolism [January 2015]. https://cks.nice.org.uk/pulmonary-embolism

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Thrombophlebitis - superficial [May 2014]. https://cks.nice.org.uk/thrombophlebitis-superficial

Guidelines in Emergency Medicine Network (GEMNet): guideline for the use of thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory trauma patients requiring temporary limb immobilisation. Emergency Medicine Journal 2013;30(11):968-82

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Pulmonary embolism [June 2013]. https://cks.nice.org.uk/pulmonary-embolism

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Deep vein thrombosis [April 2013]. http://cks.nice.org.uk/deep-vein-thrombosis

NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: DVT prevention for travellers [March 2013]. http://cks.nice.org.uk/dvt-prevention-for-travellers

NICE Clinical Guideline CG144: Venous thromboembolic diseases: the management of venous thromboembolic diseases and the role of thrombophilia testing [June 2012]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg144

USA guidelines

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019; DOI https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.01461

American College of Radiology: ACR appropriateness criteria: radiologic management of venous thromboembolism-inferior vena cava filters [2018]. https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/69342/Narrative/

American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients. Blood Advances 2018;2(22):3198-3225

American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy. Blood Advances 2018;2(22):3317-3359

The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guideline for the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease in colorectal surgery. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2018;61(1):14-20

Kaiser Permanente (Seattle, WA): Pulmonary embolism diagnosis & treatment guideline [2017]. https://wa.kaiserpermanente.org/static/pdf/public/guidelines/pulmonary-embolism.pdf

Anticoagulation Forum: Guidance for the practical management of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in VTE treatment. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2016;41(1):206-32

Anticoagulation Forum: Guidance for the practical management of warfarin therapy in the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2016;41(1):187-205

Anticoagulation Forum: Guidance for the practical management of the heparin anticoagulants in the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2016;41(1):165-86

Anticoagulation Forum: Guidance for the prevention and treatment of the post-thrombotic syndrome. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2016;41(1):144-53

Anticoagulation Forum: Guidance for the prevention and treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2016;41(1):81-91

Anticoagulation Forum: Guidance for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2016;41(1):32-67

Anticoagulation Forum: Guidance for the treatment and prevention of obstetric-associated venous thromboembolism.  Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2016;41(1):92-128

Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine: Prevention of venous thromboembolism in individuals with spinal cord injury: clinical practice guideline for health care providers, 3rd ed.  Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 2016;22(3):209-240

Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2016;149(2):315-352

The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA): Role of Physical Therapists in the Management of Individuals at Risk for or Diagnosed With Venous Thromboembolism: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline.  Physical Therapy 2016;96(2):143-66

University of Michigan Health System Clinical Care Guidelines: Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) [2014]. http://www.med.umich.edu/1info/fhp/practiceguides/vte.html 

The postthrombotic syndrome: evidence-based prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014;130(18):1636-61

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(17):2189-204

Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement: Venous thromboembolism diagnosis and treatment [2013].
https://www.icsi.org/guidelines__more/catalog_guidelines_and_more/catalog_guidelines/catalog_cardiovascular_guidelines/vte_treatment/

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US): Pharmacologic and mechanical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism among special populations [2013]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148555/

American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a need for evidence-based assessment of the baseline risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Chest 2013;143(4):1190-1

Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e195S-e226S

Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e227S-e277S

Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e278S-e325S                      

Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e419S-e494S  

Other national and international guidelines

International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer: 2019 international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.  Lancet Oncology 2019;20(10):e566-e581

The Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis: The use of direct oral anticoagulants for primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory cancer patients: Guidance from the SSC of the ISTH.  Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2019;17(10):1772-1778

2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).  European Heart Journal 2019; DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405

Professional Committee on Nursing Care of the Chinese Chapter of International Union of Angiology and The Society of Endovascology of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association: Expert consensus on the application of graduated compression stockings for prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism.  Journal of Interventional Radiology (China) 2019;28(9):811-818

New guidelines from the Thrombosis and Haemostasis Society of Australia and New Zealand for the diagnosis and management of venous thromboembolism.  Medical Journal of Australia 2019;210(5):227-235

European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) VTE Task Force: European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: Cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2018;35(2):84-89

European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) VTE Task Force: European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: Mechanical prophylaxis. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2018;35(2):112-115

European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) VTE Task Force: European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: Surgery in the elderly. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2018;35(2):116-122

European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) VTE Task Force: European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: Intensive care. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2018;35(2):142-146

Rabe E, Partsch H, Hafner J, Lattimer C, Mosti G, Neumann M, et al. Indications for medical compression stockings in venous and lymphatic disorders: An evidence-based consensus statement. Phlebology 2018;33(3):163-184. First published online 22 February 2017

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin e.V. (DGN): [S1 Guideline: Lung scintography 2017]. https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/031-005l_S1_Lungenszintigraphie_2018-02.pdf

Alberta Health Services: Prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing treatment for solid tumours [2017]. https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/info/hp/cancer/if-hp-cancer-guide-supp006-vte.pdf

Diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis: a joint consensus document from the European society of cardiology working groups of aorta and peripheral vascular diseases and pulmonary circulation and right ventricular Function. European Heart Journal 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx003

[Dutch College of General Practitioners: Guideline on deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (second partial update 2017 - Guideline M86)]. https://www.nhg.org/standaarden/samenvatting/diepe-veneuze-trombose-en-longembolie

The Saudi Association for Venous Thrombo Embolism (SAVTE): The Saudi clinical practice guideline for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in long-distance travellers. Saudi Medical Journal 2017;38(1):101-107

Calder JD, Freeman R, Domeij-Arverud E, van Dijk CN, Ackermann PW. Meta-analysis and suggested guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in foot and ankle surgery. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2016;24(4):1409-20

Wang KL, Chu PH, Lee CH, Pai PY, Lin PY, Shyu KG, et al. Management of venous thromboembolisms: Part I. The consensus for deep vein thrombosis. Acta Cardiologica Sinica 2016;32(1):1-22

Yeo KS, Lim WS, Lee YH. Deep vein thrombosis in arthroscopic surgery and chemoprophylaxis recommendation in an Asian population. Singapore Medical Journal 2016;57(8):452-5

The Korean Society of Interventional Radiology/The Korean Society for Vascular Surgery: Diagnosis and treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: Korean practice guidelines. Vascular Specialist International 2016;32(3):77-104

The Saudi Association for Venous Thrombo Embolism (SAVTE): The Saudi clinical practice guideline for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in medical and critically ill patients. Saudi Medical Journal 2016;37(11):1279-1293

Clinical practice guidelines for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2016;116(4):618-25

[Dutch College of General Practitioners: Guideline on venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (first update 2015 – Guideline M86)]. Huisarts Wet 2015;58(1):26-35

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Angiologie - Gesellschaft für Gefäßmedizin e.V. (DGA): [Diagnosis and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism - 2015]. http://www.awmf.org/en/clinical-practice-guidelines/detail/ll/065-002.html

Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschafte (AWMF): [S3 Guideline Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (completely revised edition 2015)]. https://www.awmf.org/en/clinical-practice-guidelines/detail/ll/003-001.html

Interdisciplinary Expert Panel on Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis (InterEPID): Diagnosis and management of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: clinical practice guideline. CMAJ 2015;187(17):1288-1296

Easaw JC, Shea-Budgell MA, Wu CM, Czaykowski PM, Kassis J, Kuehl B, et al. Canadian consensus recommendations on the management of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Part 1: prophylaxis. Current Oncology 2015;22(2):133-143

Dutch College of General Practitioners: NHG Guideline on Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 2015;159:A8657

The Saudi Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of venous thromboembolism: Outpatient versus inpatient management. Saudi Medical Journal 2015;36(8):1004-10

Queensland Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guidelines Program: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in pregnancy and the puerperium [2014]. http://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/documents/g-vte.pdf

Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada: Venous Thromboembolism and Antithrombotic Therapy in Pregnancy.  Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada 2014; 36(6):527-53

Prophylaxis and management of venous thromboembolism in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: consensus statement of the Haemostasis Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO), the Austrian Society of Hematology and Oncology (ÖGHO) and Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH e.V.)     Annals of Hematology 2014;93(12):1953-63

Prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical cancer patients: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2014;12(10):1746-9   

ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. European Heart Journal 2014;35(43):3033-3069, 3069a-3069k   

Clinical guide SEOM on venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Clinical and Translational Oncology 2014;16(12):1079-90  

Ministry of Health Malaysia clinical practice guidelines: Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism [2013]. http://www.moh.gov.my/english.php/pages/view/222

II Italian intersociety consensus statement on antithrombotic prophylaxis in orthopaedics and traumatology. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2013;14(1):1-13

International Consensus Statement: Inferior vena cava filters. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 2013;19(2):204-5

Venous thromboembolic prophylaxis. Guidelines for adults in Argentina. Medicina (B Aires) 2013;73 Suppl 2:1-26

Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism - International Consensus Statement. International Angiology 2013;32(2):111-260   

Asian venous thromboembolism guidelines: prevention of venous thromboembolism. International Angiology 2012;31(6):501-16

The Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery: Thromboembolism prevention in surgery of digestive cancer. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva 2012;25(4):216-23

Health Education & Management Innovations: Cancer Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Summary of Best Practice Recommendations for Australia & New Zealand [2012]