Our reviews




Our reviews and protocols are published  within the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) in the Cochrane Library. 

All published titles, protocols, and reviews can be accessed using the topic headings on the side menu.

The most  recent issue of the CDSR is Issue 8, released August 2021 and new publications by Cochrane Vascular include:

New updates

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence Jade Whing, Sandip Nandhra, Craig Nesbitt, Gerard Stansby

New protocols

Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication Marah Elfghi, Denise Dunne, Jennifer Jones, Irene Gibson, Gerard Flaherty, John William McEvoy, Sherif Sultan, Fionnuala Jordan, Wael Tawfick 

Recent reviews

Prehabilitation exercise therapy before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair  Candida Fenton, Audrey R Tan, Ukachukwu Okoroafor Abaraogu, James E McCaslin

Hybrid repair versus conventional open repair for aortic arch dissection  Edel P Kavanagh, Sherif Sultan, Fionnuala Jordan, Ala Elhelali, Declan Devane, Dave Veerasingam, Niamh Hynes

Hybrid repair versus conventional open repair for thoracic aortic arch aneurysms  Ala Elhelali, Niamh Hynes, Declan Devane, Sherif Sultan, Edel P Kavanagh, Liam Morris, Dave Veerasingam, Fionnuala Jordan

Endoluminal interventions versus surgical interventions for stenosis in vein grafts following infrainguinal bypass Francesco E Botelho, Daniel G Cacione, Jose Oyama Leite, Jose CC Baptista-Silva

Presurgery exercise-based conditioning interventions (prehabilitation) in adults undergoing lower limb surgery for peripheral arterial disease Joanne Palmer, Sean Pymer, George E Smith, Amy Elizabeth Harwood, Lee Ingle, Chao Huang, Ian C Chetter

Surgical and medical interventions for abdominal aortic graft infections Osamah S Niaz, Ahsan Rao, Ahmed Abidia, Rebecca Parrott, Jonathan Refson, Pranav Somaiya

Internal iliac artery revascularisation versus internal iliac artery occlusion for endovascular treatment of aorto-iliac aneurysms  Luiz Henrique DG Sousa, Jose CC Baptista-Silva, Vladimir Vasconcelos, Ronald LG Flumignan, Luis CU Nakano

Transverse versus vertical groin incision for femoral artery approach Marcus Canteras, Jose CC Baptista‐Silva, Frederico do Carmo Novaes, Daniel G Cacione

Recent protocols

Endovascular therapy versus medical treatment for spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery Chenyang Qiu, Ziheng Wu, Yangyan He, Lu Tian, Qianqian Zhu, Tao Shang, Hongkun Zhang, Donglin Li

Ultrasound-guided versus anatomic landmark-guided percutaneous femoral artery access  Shira A Strauss, Jeffrey J Siracuse, Sreekumar Madassery, Alexander G Truesdell, Keith Pereira, Ethan C Korngold, Ahmed Kayssi

Standard- versus extended-duration anticoagulation for primary venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients  Ahmed A Kolkailah, Bahaa Abdelghaffar, Ashraf F Nabhan, Gregory Piazza

Statins for the prevention of primary venous thromboembolism Peng Zhang, Lun Li, JinHui Tian, Peizhen Zhang, KeHu Yang

Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease Cathryn Broderick, Shinobu Kobayashi, Maiko Suto, Shuichi Ito, Tohru Kobayashi

Recent updates

Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous ulceration  Sarah L Knight (nee Shingler), Lindsay Robertson, Marlene Stewart

Medical adjuvant treatment to increase patency of arteriovenous fistulae and grafts Imran Mohamed, Mohamad Fathul Aizat Kamarizan, Antonio Da Silva

Cilostazol for intermittent claudication Tamara Brown, Rachel B Forster, Marcus Cleanthis, Dimitri P Mikhailidis, Gerard Stansby, Marlene Stewart

Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair Fan Mei, Kaiyan Hu, Bing Zhao, Qianqian Gao, Fei Chen, Li Zhao, Mei Wu, Liyuan Feng, Zhe Wang, Jinwei Yang, Weiyi Zhang, Bin Ma

Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity  Mina Mohammady, Maryam Radmehr, Leila Janani

An ongoing list of all our titles, protocols and reviews are detailed under our major topics of Venous Thromboembolism, Abdominal and thoracic aortic disease and PAD of lower limbs-Intermittent claudication-Chronic limb ischaemia and can be accessed by following the links in the left menu. 

Alternatively you can search below by subtopic or stage.  Full articles (where available) can be accessed by selecting the title or via the Cochrane Library.

The editorial process and methods used in review preparation are described in detail within resources. 

Our Reviews

Full list:

By subtopic:

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and peripheral aneurysm (50)
Prevention (1)
Medical treatment for small abdominal aortic aneurysms
Treatment (47)
Medical/conservative treatments (4)
Beta-blockers (1)
Medical treatment for small abdominal aortic aneurysms
Haemodilution (0)
Observation (1)
Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms
Screening (1)
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Thrombin injection (1)
Treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysms
Physical (1)
Ultrasound guided compression (1)
Treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysms
Surgical treatments (pre-, peri- or post-operatively) (42)
Alpha-agonists (0)
Anticoagulants (1)
Intravenous heparin during ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysmal repair
ACE inhibitors (0)
Anaesthesia - techniques used (1)
General versus loco-regional anesthesia for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (protocol stage)
Analgesics (0)
Antibiotics (2)
Prevention of infection in arterial reconstruction
Surgical and medical interventions for abdominal aortic graft infections
Antiplatelets (0)
Beta-agonists (0)
Beta-blockers (0)
Blood transfusion (0)
Calcium antagonists (0)
Care (medical) during surgery (3)
Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol stage)
Prevention of infection in arterial reconstruction
The role of sealants for achieving anastomotic hemostasis in vascular surgery (protocol stage)
Catecholamines (0)
Cell saver - use of (0)
Cytoprotectants (0)
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage (2)
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage for thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery
Distal aortic perfusion during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair for prevention of paraplegia
Cytochromes (factors affecting cytochrome system) (0)
Fluids (2)
Controlled hypotension versus normotensive resuscitation strategy for people with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Intravenous fluids for abdominal aortic surgery
Graft types (3)
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Graft type for open abdominal aortic surgery (protocol stage)
Surgical and medical interventions for abdominal aortic graft infections
H2 blockers (0)
Haemodilution (1)
Controlled hypotension versus normotensive resuscitation strategy for people with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Heparin agonists (0)
Hydration - optimal pre-operative (0)
Incision - types of (1)
Transverse versus vertical groin incision for femoral artery approach
IV nutrition (0)
Lumbar sympathectomy (0)
Optiate antagonists (0)
Prostaglandins (0)
Pre-operative factors (not drugs or hydration) (2)
Prehabilitation exercise therapy before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Presurgery exercise-based conditioning interventions (prehabilitation) in adults undergoing lower limb surgery for peripheral arterial disease
Sedatives (0)
Surgical techniques (20)
Stent graft types for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Distal aortic perfusion during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair for prevention of paraplegia
Vascular closure devices for femoral arterial puncture site haemostasis
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Fast track surgery programmes for abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery (protocol stage)
Graft type for open abdominal aortic surgery (protocol stage)
Hybrid repair versus conventional open repair for thoracic aortic arch aneurysms
Internal iliac artery revascularisation versus internal iliac artery occlusion for endovascular treatment of aorto-iliac aneurysms
Intravenous heparin during ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysmal repair
Laparoscopic surgery for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Endovascular versus open repair of asymptomatic popliteal artery aneurysm
Operative technique for the treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms (protocol stage)
Remote ischaemic preconditioning versus no remote ischaemic preconditioning for vascular and endovascular surgical procedures
Totally percutaneous versus surgical cut-down femoral artery access for elective bifurcated abdominal endovascular aneurysm repair
Endovascular repair versus open repair for inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms
Transverse versus vertical groin incision for femoral artery approach
Treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysms
Ultrasound-guided versus anatomic landmark-guided percutaneous femoral artery access (protocol stage)
Surgery versus non-surgical treatment (4)
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Endovascular versus open repair of asymptomatic popliteal artery aneurysm
Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms
Treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysms
Temperature (0)
Thromboxane antagonists (0)
Vasodilators (0)
Rehabilitation (2)
Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm
Surgical and medical interventions for abdominal aortic graft infections
Acute limb ischaemia (6)
Prevention (0)
Treatment (6)
Medical treatments (1)
Anticoagulants (0)
Antibiotics (0)
Fibrinolytics (0)
Rheological agents (0)
Thrombolysis (1)
Surgery versus thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischaemia
Surgical treatments (5)
Amputations (2)
Criteria for determining level of amputation (0)
Flaps used in amputation (1)
Type of incision for below knee amputation
Surgical techniques (1)
Type of incision for below knee amputation
Treatments given pre-, peri- or post-operatively (including following list to 'Vasodilators') (0)
Analgesics (0)
Anaesthetics (0)
Antibiotics (0)
Antipsychotics (0)
Antiplatelets (0)
Compression dressings (0)
Dressings (0)
Electromyostimulation (0)
Fibrinolytics (0)
Prostaglandins (0)
Phototherapy (0)
Vasodilators (0)
Anaesthetics used during surgery (0)
Drugs used pre-, peri- or post-operatively (1)
Beta-blockers (1)
Beta-adrenergic blockers for perioperative cardiac risk reduction in people undergoing vascular surgery
Surgical revascularisation (0)
Surgical thrombectomy (2)
Percutaneous thrombectomy for initial management of acute limb ischaemia (protocol stage)
Surgery versus thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischaemia
Drugs used during surgical thrombectomy (0)
Rehabilitation (0)
Prostheses (0)
Rehabilitation methods (0)
Amputation (6)
Prevention (1)
Non-surgical interventions for preventing contralateral tissue loss and amputation in dysvascular patients with a primary major lower limb amputation (protocol stage)
Treatment (2)
Flaps used in amputation (2)
Through-knee versus above-knee amputation for vascular and non-vascular major lower limb amputations (protocol stage)
Type of incision for below knee amputation
Rehabilitation (3)
Prosthetic rehabilitation for older dysvascular people following a unilateral transfemoral amputation
Interventions for motor rehabilitation in patients with below-knee amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes (protocol stage)
Through-knee versus above-knee amputation for vascular and non-vascular major lower limb amputations (protocol stage)
Aortic Dissection (6)
Endovascular versus conventional medical treatment for uncomplicated chronic type B aortic dissection
Endovascular versus conventional medical treatment for uncomplicated acute type B aortic dissection (protocol stage)
Endovascular versus open surgical repair for complicated chronic type B aortic dissection (protocol stage)
Hybrid repair versus conventional open repair for aortic arch dissection
Combined proximal descending aortic endografting plus distal bare metal stenting (PETTICOAT technique) versus conventional proximal descending aortic stent graft repair for complicated type B aortic dissections
The role of sealants for achieving anastomotic hemostasis in vascular surgery (protocol stage)
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic (8)
Treatment (8)
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage (1)
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage for thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery
Surgical (7)
Stent graft types for endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms
Endovascular versus conventional open surgical repair for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (protocol stage)
Revascularisation of the left subclavian artery for thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Surgical and medical interventions for abdominal aortic graft infections
Thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) versus open surgery for blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury
The role of sealants for achieving anastomotic hemostasis in vascular surgery (protocol stage)
Thoracic stent graft versus surgery for thoracic aneurysm
Aortic coarctation (1)
Stent placement versus surgery for coarctation of the thoracic aorta
Critical limb ischaemia (73)
Prevention (0)
Treatment (73)
Lifestyle treatments (3)
Diet (1)
Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb
Exercise (1)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Lipid lowering (1)
Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb
Medical treatments (14)
Amino acids (0)
Anticoagulants (0)
Analgesics (0)
Antibiotics (0)
Antiplatelets (2)
Pharmacological treatment for Buerger's disease
Sarpogrelate for peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)
Buflomedil (0)
Dextran (0)
Haemodialysate (0)
Energy rich phosphates (1)
Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia
Fibrinolytics (0)
Gene therapy (0)
Herbal preparations (0)
Lipid lowering (1)
Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb
Metabolic activators (0)
Methyl xanthines (0)
Naftidrofuryl (2)
Intravenous naftidrofuryl for critical limb ischaemia
Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia
Prostaglandins (3)
Lumbar sympathectomy versus prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia due to non-reconstructable peripheral arterial disease
Pharmacological treatment for Buerger's disease
Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia
Pentoxifylline (1)
Endovascular revascularisation versus conservative management for intermittent claudication
Rutosides (0)
Serotonin antagonists (0)
Stem cell transplantation (3)
Autologous cells derived from different sources and administered using different regimens for 'no-option' critical lower limb ischaemia patients
Stem cell therapy for treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
Local intramuscular transplantation of autologous mononuclear cells for critical lower limb ischaemia
Thrombolytics (1)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Thromboxane antagonists (0)
Vasodilators (0)
Vasospastic agents (0)
Physical treatments (1)
Intermittent pneumatic compression for critical limb ischaemia (protocol stage)
Surgical treatment (55)
Amputation (see 'Acute limb ischaemia' for details) (0)
Angioplasty (34)
Treatments/interventions during angioplasty (including following list to 'Prostaglandins') (2)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Cryoplasty for peripheral arterial disease
Antibiotics (0)
Antiplatelets (0)
Buflomedil (0)
Haemostatic devices (1)
Vascular closure devices for femoral arterial puncture site haemostasis
Oxygen supplementation (0)
Pre-operative drugs (0)
Prostaglandins (0)
Surgical techniques (including following list to 'Angioplasty versus other treatments') (6)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Angioplasty versus stenting for infrapopliteal arterial lesions in chronic limb-threatening ischaemia
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Cryoplasty for peripheral arterial disease
Angioplasty versus stenting for iliac artery lesions
Retrograde distal access versus femoral access for below the knee angioplasty (protocol stage)
Balloon dilatation (7)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Angioplasty versus stenting for infrapopliteal arterial lesions in chronic limb-threatening ischaemia
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Cryoplasty for peripheral arterial disease
Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis of the femoropopliteal arteries
Angioplasty versus stenting for iliac artery lesions
Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs
Cryoplasty (1)
Cryoplasty for peripheral arterial disease
Closure techniques (1)
Vascular closure devices for femoral arterial puncture site haemostasis
Laser recanalisation (1)
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Guide wires (0)
Angipolasty versus other surgical techniques (7)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis of the femoropopliteal arteries
Endovascular stents for intermittent claudication
Subintimal angioplasty for lower limb arterial chronic total occlusions
Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs
Angioplasty versus non-surgical treatments (1)
Endovascular revascularisation versus conservative management for intermittent claudication
Treatments/interventions to prevent restenosis following angioplasty (including following list to 'Prostaglandins') (0)
Anticoagulants (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Anaesthetics (0)
Antiplatelets (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Brachytherapy (1)
Intravascular brachytherapy for peripheral vascular disease
Dextran (0)
Essential fatty acids (0)
Haemodilution (0)
Lipid lowering (0)
Other treatments/interventions (3)
Duplex ultrasound for the detection of stenosis after peripheral arterial bypass grafting using autologous vein (protocol stage)
Endovascular stents for intermittent claudication
Ultrasound-guided versus anatomic landmark-guided percutaneous femoral artery access (protocol stage)
Prostaglandins (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Atherectomy (including endarterectomy and thromboendarterectomy) (3)
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Endovascular versus open surgical endarterectomy for atherosclerotic lesions of the common femoral artery (CFA) (protocol stage)
Bypass surgery (3)
Anatomical iliofemoral bypass versus extra-anatomical crossover grafting for symptomatic unilateral iliac disease (protocol stage)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Interposition vein cuff for infragenicular prosthetic bypass graft
Drugs used pre-, peri- or post-operatively (1)
Beta-adrenergic blockers for perioperative cardiac risk reduction in people undergoing vascular surgery
Spinal cord stimulation (2)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Spinal cord stimulation for non-reconstructable chronic critical leg ischaemia
Stent insertion (6)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Angioplasty versus stenting for infrapopliteal arterial lesions in chronic limb-threatening ischaemia
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Angioplasty versus stenting for iliac artery lesions
Endoluminal stents for iliac and infrainguinal arterial disease (protocol stage)
Endovascular versus open repair of asymptomatic popliteal artery aneurysm
Surgical technique (5)
Interposition vein cuff for infragenicular prosthetic bypass graft
Endovascular versus open surgical endarterectomy for atherosclerotic lesions of the common femoral artery (CFA) (protocol stage)
Retrograde distal access versus femoral access for below the knee angioplasty (protocol stage)
Transverse versus vertical groin incision for femoral artery approach
Venous arterialization for the salvage of critically ischemic lower limbs (protocol stage)
Sympathectomy (1)
Lumbar sympathectomy versus prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia due to non-reconstructable peripheral arterial disease
Rehabilitation (0)
Chronic venous insufficiency (17)
Prevention (3)
Compression (1)
Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing venous insufficiency in a standing worker population
Exercise (1)
Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing venous insufficiency in a standing worker population
Work place intereventions (1)
Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing venous insufficiency in a standing worker population
Treatment (13)
Lifestyle treatments (4)
Exercise (2)
Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency
Physical exercise for the treatment of non-ulcerated chronic venous insufficiency
Education (1)
Physical exercise for the treatment of non-ulcerated chronic venous insufficiency
Counselling (1)
Physical exercise for the treatment of non-ulcerated chronic venous insufficiency
Medical treatments (5)
Anticoagulants (0)
Calcium antagonists (0)
Fibrinolytics (0)
Flavonoids (1)
Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency
Herbal preparations (2)
Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency
Horse chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (0)
Rheological agents (0)
Ruscus extracts (0)
Rutosides (1)
Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency
Steroids (0)
Thrombolytics (0)
Topical treatments (0)
Venoactive agents (1)
Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency
Physical treatments (2)
Compression treatments (1)
Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency
Leg elevation (1)
Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency
Surgical treatments (2)
Surgery for deep venous incompetence
The role of sealants for achieving anastomotic hemostasis in vascular surgery (protocol stage)
Rehabilitation (1)
Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency
Diagnostic reviews (10)
Ankle brachial index for the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral arterial disease
D-dimer test for excluding the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
D-Dimer tests for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in symptomatic hospital outpatients with a clinical prediction rule (protocol stage)
Diagnostic tests for pregnancy-related deep vein thrombosis (protocol stage)
Duplex ultrasound for the detection of stenosis after peripheral arterial bypass grafting using autologous vein (protocol stage)
Duplex ultrasound for the diagnosis of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb (protocol stage)
Positron emission tomography (PET) for the detection of vascular graft infections (protocol stage)
Imaging for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
Toe-brachial index and toe systolic blood pressure for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)
Ultrasonography for endoleak detection after endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Heparin_induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (1)
Prevention (1)
Medical prophylaxis (1)
Anticoagulants (1)
Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in postoperative patients
Oedema (0)
Prevention (0)
Treatment (0)
Medical treatments (0)
Bradykinin antagonists (0)
Diuretics (0)
Herbal preparations (0)
Rutosides (0)
Saccharides (0)
Steroids (0)
Venoactive agents (0)
Physical treatments (0)
Compression (0)
Elevation of legs (0)
Rehablitation (0)
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) (108)
Prevention (2)
Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation (protocol stage)
Screening for peripheral arterial disease
Treatment (104)
Lifestyle treatments (13)
Diet (3)
Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb
Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication
Presurgery exercise-based conditioning interventions (prehabilitation) in adults undergoing lower limb surgery for peripheral arterial disease
Exercise (8)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)
Endovascular revascularisation versus conservative management for intermittent claudication
Exercise for intermittent claudication
Modes of exercise training for intermittent claudication
Mobile health technologies to improve walking distance in people with intermittent claudication (protocol stage)
Presurgery exercise-based conditioning interventions (prehabilitation) in adults undergoing lower limb surgery for peripheral arterial disease
Supervised exercise therapy versus home-based exercise therapy versus walking advice for intermittent claudication
Lipid lowering (2)
Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb
Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication
Medical treatments (30)
Amino acids (0)
Alpha blockers (0)
Angiogenesis (1)
Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease
Anticoagulants (2)
Anticoagulants (heparin, low molecular weight heparin and oral anticoagulants) for intermittent claudication
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
ACE inhibitors (0)
Alcohol (0)
Antioxidants (1)
Vitamin E for intermittent claudication
Antiplatelets (4)
Antiplatelet agents for intermittent claudication
Cilostazol for intermittent claudication
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Sarpogrelate for peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)
Bamethane sulphate (0)
Bradykin antagonists (0)
Beta-blockers (2)
Beta blockers for peripheral arterial disease
Beta-adrenergic blockers for perioperative cardiac risk reduction in people undergoing vascular surgery
Biguanides (0)
Blood pressure lowering drugs (0)
Buflomedil (1)
Buflomedil for intermittent claudication
Calcium antagonists (0)
Calcitonin (0)
Cerebral activator agents (0)
Chelation therapy (1)
Chelation therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Chemical sympathectomy (0)
Carbon dioxide (0)
Co-enzymes for vitamins (0)
Cytochromics (0)
Depropanox (0)
Dextran (0)
Essential fatty acids (1)
Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication
Energy rich phosphates (0)
Fibrinolytics (2)
Fibrinolytic agents for peripheral arterial occlusion
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Gene therapy (2)
Gene therapy for peripheral arterial disease
Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease
Glucose metabolites (0)
Haemodialysate (0)
Haemodilution (0)
Herbal preparations (3)
Garlic for peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Ginkgo biloba for intermittent claudication
Padma 28 for intermittent claudication
Homocysteine-lowering interventions (1)
Homocysteine lowering interventions for peripheral arterial disease and bypass grafts
Hypoglycaemic agents (oral) (0)
Ifenprodil (0)
Lipid lowering (2)
Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb
Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (0)
Methyl blue (0)
Methyldopa (0)
Methyl xanthine (0)
Narcain antagonists (0)
Nerve block (0)
Naftidrofuryl (1)
Naftidrofuryl for intermittent claudication
Neuroleptics (0)
Oestrogens (0)
Oxygen supplementation (0)
Ozone treatment (0)
Pantetheine (0)
Prostaglandins (2)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Prostanoids for intermittent claudication
Pentoxifylline (2)
Cilostazol for intermittent claudication
Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication
Rheological agents (0)
Rutosides (0)
Serotonin antagonists (0)
Suphonylurea (0)
Testosterone (1)
Steroid sex hormones for lower limb atherosclerosis
Thrombolytics (1)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Topical treatments (0)
Trace elements (0)
Thromboxane antagonists (0)
Vasodilators (0)
Vasospastic agents (0)
Physical treatments (2)
Electromagnetic field (diapulse) (1)
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)
Electromyostimulation (1)
Non-pharmaceutical alternatives or adjuncts to exercise programmes for people with intermittent claudication (protocol stage)
Immersion therapy (0)
Massage treatment (0)
Intermittent suction pressure treatment (0)
Surgical treatments (56)
Amputation (see 'Acute limb ischaemia' for details) (2)
Through-knee versus above-knee amputation for vascular and non-vascular major lower limb amputations (protocol stage)
Type of incision for below knee amputation
Angioplasty (see 'Critical limb ischaemia' for details) (26)
Surgical techniques (including following list to 'Angioplasty versus other treatments') (7)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Cryoplasty for peripheral arterial disease
Vascular closure devices for femoral arterial puncture site haemostasis
Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)
Endovascular versus open surgical endarterectomy for atherosclerotic lesions of the common femoral artery (CFA) (protocol stage)
Ultrasound-guided versus anatomic landmark-guided percutaneous femoral artery access (protocol stage)
Balloon dilatation (5)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Balloon angioplasty, with and without stenting, versus medical therapy for hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis
Cryoplasty for peripheral arterial disease
Angioplasty versus stenting for iliac artery lesions
Cryoplasty (1)
Cryoplasty for peripheral arterial disease
Angioplasty versus other surgical techniques (9)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Angioplasty versus stenting for subclavian artery stenosis
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis of the femoropopliteal arteries
Endoluminal interventions versus surgical interventions for stenosis in vein grafts following infrainguinal bypass
Endovascular stents for intermittent claudication
Subintimal angioplasty for lower limb arterial chronic total occlusions
Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs
Angioplasty versus non-surgical treatments (1)
Endovascular revascularisation versus conservative management for intermittent claudication
Treatments/interventions to prevent restenosis following angioplasty (including following list to 'Prostaglandins') (0)
Anticoagulants (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Antiplatelets (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Proastaglandins (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Atherectomy (including endarterectomy and thromboendarterectomy) (3)
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Endovascular versus open surgical endarterectomy for atherosclerotic lesions of the common femoral artery (CFA) (protocol stage)
Brachytherapy (1)
Intravascular brachytherapy for peripheral vascular disease
Bypass surgery (13)
Medical treatments/interventions pre-, peri- or post-operatively (including following list to 'Venoactive agents') (2)
Duplex ultrasound for the detection of stenosis after peripheral arterial bypass grafting using autologous vein (protocol stage)
Prevention of infection in arterial reconstruction
Anticoagulants (1)
Antithrombotic agents for preventing thrombosis after infrainguinal arterial bypass surgery
ACE inhibitors (0)
Anaesthesia (0)
Analgesics (0)
Antibiotics (1)
Prevention of infection in arterial reconstruction
Antioxidants (0)
Antiplatelets (1)
Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery
Calcium antagonists (0)
Cholinergic agents (0)
Dextran (0)
Homocysteine-lowering interventions (1)
Homocysteine lowering interventions for peripheral arterial disease and bypass grafts
Intensive surveillance (0)
IV fluids (0)
Lipid lowering drugs (0)
Medical care during surgery (1)
Prevention of infection in arterial reconstruction
Pentoxifylline (0)
Post-operative management (drains etc) (1)
Prevention of infection in arterial reconstruction
Pre-operative hydration (0)
Pre-operative drugs (0)
Pre-operative factors (not drugs or hydration) (0)
Prostaglandins (0)
Temperature (0)
Thrombolysis (1)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Thromboxane antagonists (0)
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (0)
Venoactive agents (0)
Surgical interventions (including following list to 'Types of sutures') (2)
Anatomical iliofemoral bypass versus extra-anatomical crossover grafting for symptomatic unilateral iliac disease (protocol stage)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Atherectomy of occluded bypass (0)
Thrombolysis with catheter (0)
Graft types (1)
Graft type for femoro-popliteal bypass surgery
Types of incision (0)
Lumbar sympathectomy (0)
Surgical techniques (1)
Remote ischaemic preconditioning versus no remote ischaemic preconditioning for vascular and endovascular surgical procedures
Types of sutures (0)
Spinal cord stimulation (1)
Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Stent insertion (8)
Angioplasty and stenting for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs: an overview of Cochrane Reviews (protocol stage)
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
Vascular closure devices for femoral arterial puncture site haemostasis
Angioplasty versus stenting for iliac artery lesions
Endoluminal interventions versus surgical interventions for stenosis in vein grafts following infrainguinal bypass
Endoluminal stents for iliac and infrainguinal arterial disease (protocol stage)
Ultrasound-guided versus anatomic landmark-guided percutaneous femoral artery access (protocol stage)
Thrombolysis with catheter (1)
Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis
Lumbar sympathectomy (1)
Lumbar sympathectomy techniques for critical lower limb ischaemia due to non-reconstructable peripheral arterial disease
Venesection (0)
Treatment of complications associated with PAOD (3)
Prevention of restenosis/re-occlusion after treatment (3)
Anticoagulants (0)
Antiplatelets (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Fibrinolytics (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Prostaglandins (1)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Medical treatments (0)
Anticoagulants (0)
Antiplatelets (0)
Beta-blockers (0)
Blood pressure lowering drugs (0)
Calcium antagonists (0)
Serotonin antagonists (0)
Surgical treatments (0)
Lumbar sympathectomy (0)
Rehabilitation (2)
Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation (protocol stage)
Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)
Screening (3)
Effect of testing for cancer on cancer- or venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related mortality and morbidity in people with unprovoked VTE
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Screening for peripheral arterial disease
Thromboembolism (209)
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) related (101)
Diagnostic Test Accuracy (4)
D-Dimer tests for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in symptomatic hospital outpatients with a clinical prediction rule (protocol stage)
Diagnostic tests for pregnancy-related deep vein thrombosis (protocol stage)
Duplex ultrasound for the diagnosis of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb (protocol stage)
Ultrasonography for clinically suspected upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (protocol stage)
Prevention (66)
Management of prophylaxis (2)
Implementation strategies (1)
Interventions for implementation of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients at risk for venous thromboembolism
Risk assessment (1)
Thrombophilia testing for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism
Medical prophylaxis (44)
Anticoagulants (21)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid antibodies
Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective primary hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (protocol stage)
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Heparin dose for thrombosis prophylaxis during peripheral vascular angioplasty (protocol stage)
Heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients (excluding stroke and myocardial infarction)
Heparins and some mechanical pumping devices may help prevent blood clots forming in the legs after surgery for hip fracture
Heparins and some mechanical pumping devices may help prevent blood clots forming in the legs after surgery for hip fracture
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower-limb immobilization
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological anticoagulation and mechanical compression versus mechanical compression alone for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for post-operative neurosurgical patients (protocol stage)
Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery
Standard- versus extended-duration anticoagulation for primary venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients (protocol stage)
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism following abdominal aortic surgery
Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in postoperative patients
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Antioxidants (0)
Antithrombotics (6)
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective primary hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (protocol stage)
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)
Antiplatelets (2)
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)
Biguanides (0)
Calcium antagonists (0)
Chloroquine and derivatives (0)
Cyctotoxic/DNA reactive drugs (0)
Dextran (0)
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (1)
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Fibrinolytics (0)
Immunosuppressants (0)
Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors (3)
Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective primary hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (protocol stage)
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)
Method of administration (1)
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (0)
Oestrogens (0)
Pentasaccharides (3)
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Polysaccharides (0)
Protease inhibitors (0)
Pentoxifylline (0)
Rheological agents (0)
Statins (2)
Statins for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism
Statins for the prevention of primary venous thromboembolism (protocol stage)
Steroid hormones (0)
Testosterone/anabolic steroids (0)
Vasodilators (0)
Vitamin K Antagonists (5)
Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective primary hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (protocol stage)
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Physical methods of prophylaxis (20)
Compression (stockings) (10)
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers
Different types of intermittent pneumatic compression devices for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients after total hip replacement
Graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis
Heparins and some mechanical pumping devices may help prevent blood clots forming in the legs after surgery for hip fracture
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Knee length versus thigh length graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis in postoperative surgical patients
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological anticoagulation and mechanical compression versus mechanical compression alone for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for post-operative neurosurgical patients (protocol stage)
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Elevation of bed/feet (0)
Electromyostimulation (1)
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Exercise (0)
Mechanical prophylaxis (9)
Continuous passive motion for preventing venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty
Different types of intermittent pneumatic compression devices for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients after total hip replacement
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological anticoagulation and mechanical compression versus mechanical compression alone for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for post-operative neurosurgical patients (protocol stage)
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism following abdominal aortic surgery
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Mobilisation (0)
Surgical prophylaxis (0)
Anaesthetic (0)
Cement (orthopaedic surgery) (0)
Catheter material (0)
Catheter location (0)
IV fluids (0)
Risk assessment (0)
Tourniquet (0)
Treatment (31)
Medical treatment (28)
Anticoagulant monitoring (1)
Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism
Anticoagulants (17)
Anticoagulants versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or placebo for treatment of venous thromboembolism
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Thrombolysis for acute upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
Home versus in-patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis
Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis
Once versus twice daily low molecular weight heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Pentasaccharides for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Thrombolytic strategies versus standard anticoagulation for acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Treatment of distal deep vein thrombosis
Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in postoperative patients
Vitamin K antagonists versus low-molecular-weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism
Antiplatelets (1)
Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (protocol stage)
Biguanides (0)
Fibrinolytics (1)
Thrombolytic strategies versus standard anticoagulation for acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb
Location of treatment (1)
Home versus in-patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis
Method of administration (2)
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (1)
Anticoagulants versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or placebo for treatment of venous thromboembolism
Pentasaccharides (2)
Pentasaccharides for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis
Treatment of distal deep vein thrombosis
Polysaccharides (0)
Proteolytic enzymes (0)
Rheological agents (0)
Thrombolytics (2)
Thrombolysis for acute upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
Thrombolytic strategies versus standard anticoagulation for acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb
Surgical treatment (2)
Angioplasty (1)
Angioplasty for deep venous thrombosis (protocol stage)
Arterio-venous fistulae (0)
Filter insertion (0)
Surgical removal (0)
Thrombectomy (1)
Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis
Physical treatment (1)
Compression (1)
Treatment of distal deep vein thrombosis
Mechanical treatment (0)
Idiopathic recurrent vein thrombosis (3)
Prevention (3)
Medical prophylaxis (3)
Anticoagulants (1)
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Antiplatelets (1)
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Biguanides (1)
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Physical prophylaxis (0)
Compression (0)
Treatment (0)
Antiplatelets (0)
Not DVT related (18)
Prevention (12)
Anticoagulants (8)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid antibodies
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for preventing recurrence of peripheral vascular thrombosis in patients with Antiphospholipid syndrome (protocol stage)
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of central venous catheter-related thrombosis in children
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Different unfractionated heparin doses for preventing arterial thrombosis in children undergoing cardiac catheterization
Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults
Heparin-bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation
Method of administration (1)
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (2)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for preventing recurrence of peripheral vascular thrombosis in patients with Antiphospholipid syndrome (protocol stage)
Pharmacological treatment for Buerger's disease
Physical prevention methods (1)
Heparin-bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children
Treatment (6)
Anticoagulants (2)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for preventing recurrence of peripheral vascular thrombosis in patients with Antiphospholipid syndrome (protocol stage)
Effect of testing for cancer on cancer- or venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related mortality and morbidity in people with unprovoked VTE
Method of administration (2)
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Peripherally inserted central catheter design and material for reducing catheter failure and complications (protocol stage)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (2)
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for preventing recurrence of peripheral vascular thrombosis in patients with Antiphospholipid syndrome (protocol stage)
Pharmacological treatment for Buerger's disease
Rehabilitation (0)
Post thrombotic syndrome (PTS) (7)
Prevention (4)
Medical prophylaxis (1)
Rutosides (1)
Rutosides for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome
Physical methods of prophylaxis (3)
Compression (stockings) (1)
Compression therapy for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome
Elevation of bed/feet (1)
Compression therapy for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome
Mechanical prophylaxis (1)
Compression therapy for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome
Treatment (3)
Compression (stockings) (1)
Compression therapy for treating post-thrombotic syndrome
Mechanical treatment (1)
Compression therapy for treating post-thrombotic syndrome
Medical (1)
Rutosides (1)
Rutosides for treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) (80)
Prevention (62)
Management of prophylaxis (2)
Implementation strategies (2)
Interventions for implementation of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients at risk for venous thromboembolism
Sex as a prognostic factor for mortality in adults with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism (protocol stage)
Medical prophylaxis (44)
Anticoagulants (19)
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective primary hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (protocol stage)
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Heparin dose for thrombosis prophylaxis during peripheral vascular angioplasty (protocol stage)
Heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients (excluding stroke and myocardial infarction)
Heparins and some mechanical pumping devices may help prevent blood clots forming in the legs after surgery for hip fracture
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower-limb immobilization
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological anticoagulation and mechanical compression versus mechanical compression alone for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for post-operative neurosurgical patients (protocol stage)
Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery
Standard- versus extended-duration anticoagulation for primary venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients (protocol stage)
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism following abdominal aortic surgery
Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in postoperative patients
Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Antiplatelet agents (2)
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)
Antithrombotics (8)
Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective primary hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (protocol stage)
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)
Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (1)
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors (2)
Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective primary hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (protocol stage)
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Method of administration (1)
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
Pentasaccharides (3)
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Statins (2)
Statins for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism
Statins for the prevention of primary venous thromboembolism (protocol stage)
Vitamin K antagonists (6)
Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective primary hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (protocol stage)
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery
Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Physical methods of prophylaxis (15)
Compression (stockings) (6)
Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism
Heparins and some mechanical pumping devices may help prevent blood clots forming in the legs after surgery for hip fracture
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological anticoagulation and mechanical compression versus mechanical compression alone for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for post-operative neurosurgical patients (protocol stage)
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Mechanical prophylaxis (9)
Continuous passive motion for preventing venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Pharmacological anticoagulation and mechanical compression versus mechanical compression alone for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for post-operative neurosurgical patients (protocol stage)
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery
Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism following abdominal aortic surgery
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Surgical intervention (1)
Filter insertion (1)
Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism
Treatment (18)
Medical treatment (14)
Anticoagulant monitoring (1)
Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism
Anticoagulants (8)
Anticoagulant treatment for subsegmental pulmonary embolism
Anticoagulants versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or placebo for treatment of venous thromboembolism
Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary embolism
Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Vitamin K antagonists versus low-molecular-weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism
Fibrinolytics (1)
Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism
Method of administration (1)
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (1)
Anticoagulants versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or placebo for treatment of venous thromboembolism
Pentasaccharides (0)
Thrombolytics (2)
Catheter-directed therapies for the treatment of massive and submassive acute pulmonary embolism (protocol stage)
Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism
Surgical treatment (2)
Catheter-directed therapies for the treatment of massive and submassive acute pulmonary embolism (protocol stage)
Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism
Physical treatment (2)
D-dimer test for excluding the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Imaging for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
Thrombophilia (1)
Treatment (1)
Thrombophilia testing for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism
Thrombophlebitis (27)
Cannulation phlebitis (16)
Prevention (15)
Medical prevention methods (7)
Anticoagulants (4)
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of central venous catheter-related thrombosis in children
Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults
Heparin-bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children
Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) versus heparin intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long-term central venous catheters in infants and children
Analgesics (0)
Anti-inflammatories (0)
Herbal preparations (1)
for prevention and treatment of infusion phlebitis
IV fluids (2)
Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults
Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) versus heparin intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long-term central venous catheters in infants and children
Steroids (0)
Physical prevention methods (8)
Cannula - size of bore, length, material etc (2)
Heparin-bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children
Peripherally inserted central catheter design and material for reducing catheter failure and complications (protocol stage)
Duration of cannulisation (1)
Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters
Equipment - set up, and delivery systems (3)
Peripherally inserted central catheter design and material for reducing catheter failure and complications (protocol stage)
Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults (protocol stage)
Venous cutdown versus the Seldinger technique for placement of totally implantable venous access ports
Location of cannula (1)
Venous cutdown versus the Seldinger technique for placement of totally implantable venous access ports
Optimum replacement indications (1)
Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters
Treatment (1)
Medical treatments (1)
Anticoagulants (0)
Antiplatelets (0)
Biguanides (0)
Fibrinolytics (0)
Herbal preparations (1)
for prevention and treatment of infusion phlebitis
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (0)
Rheological agents (0)
Rutosides (0)
Sedatives (0)
Serotonin antagonists (0)
Steroids (0)
Superficial thrombophlebitis (11)
Prevention (0)
Treatment (11)
Medical treatments (6)
Anticoagulants (2)
Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Non steroidal anti-inflammatories (2)
Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Topical (2)
Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Physical (2)
Compression (1)
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Elevation (1)
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Surgical treatments (3)
Crossectomy (1)
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Ligation (1)
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Vein stripping (1)
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
Ulcers (arterial and mixed) (2)
Prevention (0)
Treatment (2)
Medical treatments (2)
Anticoagulants (0)
Antibiotics (0)
Antiplatelets (0)
Bradykinin antagonists (0)
Calcium antagonists (0)
Cell suspensions (0)
Co-enzymes for vitamin function (0)
Dressings (1)
Dressings and topical agents for arterial leg ulcers
Energy rich phosphates (0)
Fibrinolytics (0)
Growth hormones (0)
Herbal preparations (0)
Levamisole (0)
Metabolic activators (0)
Naftidrofuryl (0)
Oygen supplementation (0)
Prostaglandins (0)
Polysaccharides (0)
Proteolytic enzymes (0)
Pentoxifylline (0)
Rheological agents (0)
Ruscus extracts (0)
Topical treatments (1)
Dressings and topical agents for arterial leg ulcers
Trace elements (0)
Vasodilators (0)
Venoactive agents (0)
Physical treatments (0)
Compression (eg Una's boot) (0)
Electromagnetic field therapy (0)
Electromyostimulation (0)
Phototherapy (0)
Spinal cord stimulation (0)
Ultrasound (0)
Surgical treatments (0)
Laser treatment (0)
Skin grafts (0)
Surgery (0)
Rehabilitation (0)
Vasculitis (10)
Kawasaki disease (7)
Treatment (7)
Immunoglobulin (4)
Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease (protocol stage)
Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease in children
Salicylate for the treatment of Kawasaki disease in children
TNF-α blockers for the treatment of Kawasaki disease in children
Salicylate (2)
Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease in children
Salicylate for the treatment of Kawasaki disease in children
Steroid (1)
Corticosteroids for the treatment of Kawasaki disease in children
Wegener's granulomatosis (3)
Treatment (3)
Immunoglobulin (1)
Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjuvant therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis
Immunosuppressants (1)
Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjuvant therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis
Steroids (1)
Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjuvant therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis
Vasospastic disorders (Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon) (6)
Prevention (0)
Treatment (6)
Medical treatments (6)
Amino acids (0)
Alpha-agonists (0)
Alpha-blockers (0)
ACE inhibitors (1)
Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
Adrenergic blockers (0)
Antiplatelets (0)
Beta-antagonists (0)
Beta-blockers (0)
Bradykin antagonists (0)
Buflomedil (0)
Calcium antagonists (1)
Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
Dextran (0)
Essential fatty acids (0)
Naftidrofuryl (0)
Platelet aggregation inhibitors (1)
Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
Prostaglandins (0)
Pentoxifylline (0)
Rheological agents (0)
Serotonin antagonists (1)
Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
Thyroid hormone (0)
Topical applications (0)
Thromboxane antagonists (1)
Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
Vasodilators (1)
Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
Vasospastic agents (0)
Physical treatments (0)
Autogenic training (relaxation etc) (0)
Electromyelogram (0)
Temperature biofeedback (0)
Rehabilitation (0)
Varicose veins (19)
Prevention (0)
Treatment (19)
Medical treatments (0)
Analgesics (0)
Antibiotics (0)
Antiplatelets (0)
Calcium antagonists (0)
Energy rich phosphates (0)
Glucose (0)
Homeopathic remedies (0)
Ruscus extract (0)
Rutosides (0)
Topical treatments (0)
Venoactive agents (0)
Vasodilators (0)
Vasospastic agents (0)
Physical treatments (1)
Compression (1)
Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous ulceration 
Exercise (0)
Stockings (0)
Surgical treatments (18)
Endovenous ablation (2)
Endovenous ablation therapy (laser or radiofrequency) or foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgical repair for short saphenous varicose veins
Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence
Closure techniques (0)
Foam sclerotherapy (2)
Endovenous ablation therapy (laser or radiofrequency) or foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgical repair for short saphenous varicose veins
Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence
Laser endovenous ablation (3)
Endovenous ablation therapy (laser or radiofrequency) or foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgical repair for short saphenous varicose veins
Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins (protocol stage)
Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence
Post-sclerotherapy treatments (1)
Compression (1)
Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins
Post-surgical treatments (1)
Compression (1)
Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins
Radiofrequency endovenous ablation (2)
Endovenous ablation therapy (laser or radiofrequency) or foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgical repair for short saphenous varicose veins
Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence
Sclerotherapy (3)
Sclerotherapy for lower limb telangiectasias
Surgery versus sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicose veins
Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins (protocol stage)
Surgery (4)
CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency
Surgery versus sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicose veins
Surgery for varicose veins: use of tourniquet
Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence
Rehablitation (0)
Other peripheral vascular problems including (5)
Arterio-venous fistulae (1)
Medical adjuvant treatment to increase patency of arteriovenous fistulae and grafts
Chilblains (0)
Capillary fragility (0)
Hereditary angioedema (2)
Interventions for the long-term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks (protocol stage)
Interventions for the treatment of acute hereditary angioedema attacks (protocol stage)
Hypertension (mainly responsibility of Cochrane Hypertension Group) (1)
Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease
Polyarteritis nodosa (0)
Spontaneous isolated dissection of superior mesenteric artery (1)
Endovascular therapy versus medical treatment for spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (protocol stage)
Healthy volunteers testing (0)
Medical treatments (0)
Amino acids (0)
Anticoagulants (0)
ACE inhibitors (0)
Alcohol (0)
Anaesthetics (0)
Antibiotics (0)
Antioxidants (0)
Antiplatelets (0)